A diaphragm is a safe and effective method for preventing pregnancy, even though it’s not as widely known as other options like birth control pills or condoms. It works by physically blocking sperm from reaching the egg in the uterus, and its simplicity and efficiency are gaining attention. If you’re looking for a reliable birth control method, the diaphragm could be a good option.
### How Does the Diaphragm Work?
The diaphragm is a soft, dome-shaped rubber cup designed to cover the cervix, preventing sperm from reaching the egg and causing fertilization. For added protection, a spermicide—a chemical gel that immobilizes or kills sperm—can be applied to the diaphragm. Spermicide makes the method even more effective because it creates an extra barrier by hindering sperm movement.
### What Is a Diaphragm?
A diaphragm is a flexible rubber cup often referred to as “barrier contraception” because it creates a physical barrier between sperm and the egg. It’s inserted into the vagina before intercourse and can be put in several hours beforehand but should remain in place for at least six hours after sex. To ensure it works properly, the diaphragm must be fitted to the cervix and inserted correctly. When used with spermicide, it becomes even more reliable at preventing pregnancy.
In addition to acting as a contraceptive, the diaphragm also offers some protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea, as well as pelvic inflammatory disease.
### How Does the Diaphragm Prevent Pregnancy?
The diaphragm works by covering the cervix and blocking sperm from entering. It must be inserted into the vagina, where its dome-shaped cup fits securely around the upper area of the cervix. Without this barrier, sperm could fertilize the egg released from the cervix during intercourse, potentially leading to pregnancy.
Used alone, the diaphragm offers around 88% protection against pregnancy. However, using it with spermicide increases its effectiveness to about 94%. Each time you use the diaphragm—whether during a new sexual encounter or if it has been left in place after previous intercourse—spermicide should be reapplied to maintain its protective capabilities.
### How to Insert a Diaphragm
Inserting a diaphragm is straightforward if you follow these steps:
– Start by washing your hands thoroughly.
– Apply about 2 cm of spermicide to the upper side of the diaphragm.
– Squeeze the diaphragm between your thumb and index finger, then gently slide it into your vagina in an upward motion, ensuring it covers the cervix.
– To confirm it’s properly positioned, use your finger to feel for the diaphragm covering your cervix. It should feel like the tip of your nose.
– If it’s not correctly positioned, remove the diaphragm, reapply spermicide, and reinsert it until the placement is accurate.
### How to Use a Cervical Cap
A cervical cap operates similarly to a diaphragm but is smaller. Here’s how to insert it:
– Clean your hands before handling the cap.
– Fill about one-third of the cap with spermicide, ensuring the rim stays clean so it remains in place.
– Apply a bit of spermicide inside the groove between the rim and dome.
– Squeeze the cap between your thumb and fingers and gently insert it into the vagina.
– Once positioned correctly, the cap will stay in place through suction.
Your doctor or nurse will initially fit you with a temporary diaphragm or cap to ensure you’re able to use it properly before providing a custom-fitted one for long-term use. Until you become comfortable with this method, consider using an alternative contraceptive like a condom.
### How to Remove a Diaphragm or Cap
To remove it, hook your finger into the rim or loop and gently pull downward. Wait at least six hours after your last sexual encounter to ensure maximum protection but avoid leaving it in for more than 24 hours, as this could lead to health risks.
### Caring for Your Diaphragm or Cap
Proper care is essential to keep the diaphragm or cap effective and hygienic:
– Wash it with warm water and mild, unscented soap after each use.
– Let it air dry in a clean place before storing it in its container.
– Store the container in a cool, dry area.
– Avoid boiling the diaphragm or using household products like detergents, disinfectants, talcum powder, or oil-based lubricants, as they can damage it.
– Inspect the diaphragm for scratches or wear before each use and consult your doctor regularly to ensure it’s in good condition.
– Replace your diaphragm as needed, typically once a year or sooner if advised by your doctor, especially if you’ve gained weight or recently given birth. Wait at least six weeks postpartum before using it again.
### Advantages of Using a Diaphragm
– The diaphragm is a portable, non-hormonal birth control method that you only need to use when you plan to have sex.
– It doesn’t interfere with your hormonal levels, making it a suitable option for women who want a natural family-planning approach.
– Mothers who are breastfeeding can safely use it.
– The diaphragm is easy to carry and doesn’t usually cause discomfort to either partner during intercourse.
– It’s immediately effective upon use and less invasive compared to intrauterine devices (IUDs).
– It’s a safer alternative for women over 35 or those who smoke, as it doesn’t pose cardiovascular risks like hormonal contraceptives.
### Disadvantages of Using a Diaphragm
– Some women find it inconvenient or difficult to insert.
– While effective at preventing pregnancy, the diaphragm doesn’t offer complete protection against sexually transmitted infections.
– Proper insertion and correct placement are crucial for it to work. If the cervix is not fully covered, the risk of pregnancy increases significantly.
– It can disrupt spontaneity, as it requires preparation beforehand.
– Some women experience bladder infections, irritation, or discomfort after use. Spermicide use can also cause irritation for both partners.
– Situational factors like intense sexual activity or certain body positions may dislodge it, reducing effectiveness.
– A visit to the doctor is needed for fitting.
### Risks of Diaphragm Usage
While the diaphragm is generally safe, there are some risks:
– Vaginal irritation or soreness may occur.
– Using spermicide frequently could cause irritation due to its chemical composition.
– Women with HIV should avoid using spermicide, as it can increase the risk of transmitting the virus.
– Failure to remove the diaphragm within 24 hours can lead to toxic shock syndrome.
– If you notice symptoms like discomfort, unusual discharge, spotting, irritation, or fever, consult your doctor immediately.
To maximize the diaphragm’s effectiveness, follow all usage instructions carefully. Proper use is key to ensuring its ability to help prevent unwanted pregnancies.