**What are Kidneys:**
Kidneys are vital organs in the human body, shaped like beans, located in the lower back, one on each side of the spine. Each kidney contains nephrons, which are the filtering units. They connect to the bladder via the ureter, a tube-like structure. The primary role of the kidneys is to purify the blood by removing toxins and excess substances. They help dissolve minerals like calcium and sodium in the blood, purifying about 200 liters of blood daily and producing around two liters of urine. Additionally, kidneys aid in processing food materials, medications, and supplements, which helps eliminate harmful pollutants from the body, maintaining overall health by managing mineral levels.
**Chronic Kidney Disease:**
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition that reduces the kidneys’ ability to function properly, also known as chronic kidney failure. As the disease progresses, toxin and electrolyte levels in the body increase, leading to symptoms. In its early stages, CKD may not show significant symptoms, but it can advance to kidney failure, requiring treatments like dialysis.
**Causes:**
Several factors can lead to CKD. High blood pressure is a significant cause, as prolonged hypertension can damage the kidneys. Another major cause is diabetes, particularly type 1 and type 2 diabetes, which can easily disturb blood sugar levels and affect kidney function. Other causes include congenital kidney diseases, recurring kidney infections, blocked arteries, and long-term usage of painkillers or antibiotics, which can harm kidney health.
**Other Risk Factors Causing Chronic Kidney Disorder:**
In addition to the direct causes, several other factors can increase the risk of CKD. High cholesterol levels can contribute to kidney problems. Geographic factors also play a role; individuals from Africa, America, or Asia may have a higher risk. Family history of CKD can also increase an individual’s likelihood of developing the disease.
**Symptoms:**
Symptoms of CKD often do not appear until the disease is advanced. Common symptoms include reduced energy levels, increased fatigue, difficulty concentrating, weight loss, sleep disturbances, muscle spasms, swelling, puffy eyes, and itchy skin. A frequent and urgent need to urinate, especially at night, is a significant indicator.
**Complications:**
CKD can lead to numerous complications, affecting various parts of the body. Fluid retention can cause swelling in hands and legs and contribute to high blood pressure. Pulmonary edema, or fluid accumulation in the lungs, can also occur. The disease impacts heart health, leading to damage in the heart’s blood vessels. CKD can result in weak bones, increasing fracture risks, anemia, and nervous system damage. Women with advanced CKD may face fertility issues and pregnancy-related complications.
**Diet in Chronic Kidney Disease:**
Upon a CKD diagnosis, it is crucial to adjust the diet to alleviate symptoms. Reducing salt intake is essential, as too much sodium is harmful to the kidneys. Limiting foods high in sodium and potassium is advised. Opt for easily digestible foods like fruit juices, but limit citrus fruits. Avoid high-potassium foods like bananas, mushrooms, spinach, and potatoes. Choose vegetables like round gourd, ridge gourd, and ash gourd, and fruits like papaya, watermelon, apricots, apples, and pears. Completely avoid non-vegetarian items.
**Preventive Measures:**
Patients can take steps to prevent further kidney damage. Quitting smoking and avoiding alcoholic beverages is crucial, as these habits speed up kidney damage. Maintaining a healthy weight through regular exercise can reduce the risk of obesity and its associated complications. A detox bath with Epsom salt can help relax muscles and lower blood pressure. Ayurveda suggests using herbs like Gokshur, Punarnava, Pashanbhed, Bhumiamalaki, and Varun to support kidney health, combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle.
Regularly following these habits can help manage and mitigate chronic kidney disease.