For many men dealing with prostate cancer, one treatment option worth considering is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Prostate cancer relies on “male” hormones, like testosterone, to grow. By lowering these hormone levels, the spread of cancer can slow down, and radiation treatments may become more effective.
ADT works by using injections to stop the testicles from producing testosterone. Typically, these injections are administered every three to six months to keep hormone levels low. For cancers that haven’t spread, doctors often recommend ADT alongside radiation for a period of four months to three years. For cancers that have spread, lifelong ADT may be necessary.
### Potential Side Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy
While ADT can help manage prostate cancer, it may lead to side effects. Common short-term effects include localized pain and swelling from the injections. Long-term effects related to reduced testosterone levels can include:
– Fatigue
– Hot flashes
– Changes in metabolism, such as weight gain, higher blood sugar, and increased cholesterol
– Loss of muscle mass
– Tender or enlarged tissue under the nipples
– Reduced bone density
– Depressed mood
– Declined cognitive function over time
– Increased risk of heart disease
– Loss of libido and erectile dysfunction
### Managing and Reducing Side Effects
Planning ahead can help minimize or even prevent many of these side effects. Discussing a detailed strategy with your doctor is essential. Some helpful steps may include:
– Starting a workout routine with weight or resistance training to maintain bone and muscle mass
– Following a diet and exercise plan to manage weight and reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease
– Taking calcium and vitamin D supplements, as prescribed
– Getting a bone density scan before treatment starts and every one to two years during treatment
– Using medications for low bone density or severe hot flashes, if necessary
– Meeting with a psycho-oncology specialist for help with mood issues like depression or cognitive difficulties
For men requiring lifelong ADT, doctors may explore periodic treatment breaks to lessen long-term symptoms. Another option might include surgical removal of the testes, which eliminates the need for ongoing injections or medications.
### Additional Treatment Options
A newer oral medication, Orgovyx, offers an alternate way to quickly suppress testosterone levels. It’s particularly beneficial for men with heart disease since it poses fewer cardiovascular risks compared to traditional ADT injections. Orgovyx can also be a better fit for men needing shorter treatment durations, as testosterone levels recover more quickly—within a few weeks—once treatment is stopped.
### The Takeaway
Androgen deprivation therapy is a reliable treatment for many prostate cancer patients. While low testosterone levels might cause some side effects, having a strong management plan in place can significantly reduce these challenges.